Disorders of Thyroid Gland

Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland (a butterfly-shaped structure present in the base of the neck just, below the Adam's apple) is overactive and produces too much of the thyroid hormone (Hurd 2006). In this condition, the body's metabolism rate is significantly increased due to the rise in the T3 and the T4 levels in the blood (forms of the thyroid hormone) that control several vital functions in the body (Mayo 2006). The disease can occur in acute and chronic forms.Several functions such as fat and carbohydrate metabolism, heart rate, protein production, etc are controlled by the thyroid hormones. The pituitary gland also known as ‘master gland’ controls the release of the T3 and T4 by the thyroid gland. It is present in the hypothalamus region of the skull (Mayo 2006). The pituitary gland produces the hormone Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) which controls the thyroid levels in the body through a negative feedback mechanism. If the thyroid hormo ne levels are low, the TSH level raises leading to increased production of thyroid hormones.In situations in which the T3 and T4 levels are higher, the TSH levels rises in the blood (Mayo 2006). In certain tumors that affect the pituitary gland, excessive levels of TSH may be released resulting in hyperthyroidism. In Grave's disease (an autoimmune disorder in which hyperthyroidism is present), the thyroid levels may rise due to certain antibodies prsent in the blood that encourage the thyroid gland to produce higher amounts of T3 and T4. Sometimes, the thyroid gland may get inflamed (known as ‘thyroiditis’) resulting in increased production of the thyroid hormone (Mayo 2006).An individual who develops hyperthyroidism may develop a range of symptoms which include sudden loss of weight, increased appetite, rise in the heart rate, palpitations, arrhythmia, nervousness, anxiety attacks, tremors, irritability, menstrual problems, sweating, confusion, swelling present in the base of the neck (goiter), tiredness, sleeplessness, muscle weakness, problems in bowel movements, clammy skin, skin flushes, hair loss, gynecomastia, etc (Hurd 2006). Besides, the eyes are also affected resulting in protrusion of the eyes, hypertension, dryness of the eyeballs, sensitivity to light, osteoporosis, etc (Mayo 2006).Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not produce enough of the thyroid hormone to make up the needs of the body (Mayo 2006). The condition more frequently occur in women than men, over that age of 50 years (Hurd 2007). Hypothyroidism can develop from a range of condition. In Hashimoto’s thyroiditis, the body’s defense mechanism produces antibodies that tend to destroy the thyroid gland tissues resulting in hypo-secretion (Mayo 2006). It may develop in association with a bacterial or a fungal infection.Some individuals who are treated for hyperthyroidism through radio-isotope therapy, ant-thyroid agents or surgery, may develop hypothyroidism due to reduced activity of the gland (Mayo 2006). Several other treatment and diagnostic interventions such as radiotherapy involving the head and neck region, certain medications such as lithium, etc, may bring about hypothyroidism (Mayo 2006). In some cases, babies are born with a small or a missing thyroid gland and develop hypothyroidism.The pituitary gland may produce lower amounts of TSH due to a tumor involving the gland (Mayo 2006). In general, the metabolism and activities of the body are slowed down in hypothyroidism. Some of the symptoms of hypothyroidism include sensitivity to cold, pale, hoarseness of the voice, weight gain, moon-like face, higher cholesterol levels, joint and muscle problems (pain, tenderness and swelling), depression, constipation, fatigue, weakness, abnormal menstrual cycle, drowsiness, short stature, delayed formation of the teeth, etc (Hurd 2007).The skin appears dry, flaky and pale, and the individual may have nail abnormali ties and hair loss (Hurd 2007). The teeth may take longer time to form or may not form at all (Hurd 2007). The individual may develop a goiter (swelling present in the lower part of the neck due to the enlargement of the thyroid gland). As the cholesterol levels (especially LDL or bad cholesterol) are elevated, the individual is at the risk of developing heart problems (Mayo 2006).

One of the reasons the author must have written the book

One of the themes of the book is that outcome of the war was not determined by technology nor tactics. Victory in the South Pacific absolutely depended on human judgment and will. This is the tool that drives home the reality of the battle.One of the reasons the author must have written the book is to show just how much the human will and judgment can achieve. This makes the book the more relevant today because we live in a world that gravitates around Technology. We have slowly turned from Master to Slave and Sea of Thunder is a good way to show its readers that indeed the human being is still capable of achieving whatever is desired.The book is bound in the era of the early 1930s were the industrial revolution had taken off but its impacts had not fully been experienced around the whole world. This is one of the reasons why they battle was mainly depended on Human will power and judgment. It was also the era of the Pacific War and the book centers on its progression and centers on the Battle of the Leyte GulfOne of the subtopics could be inner conflict on the part of the officers especially the Japanese. They had dived loyalties to the Throne, the IJN and the fellow soldiers under their command.Another subtopic is Evans breaking all the Racial Barriers by gaining entrance into the Naval Academy. This is because commander Evans was a Cherokee Indian and it was absolutely rare of some one of Evans heritage to be accepted into the U.S Naval Academy.However according to Hal M. Friedman one of the reviewers of Thomas work, â€Å"Thomas mentions these things but without developing them. One would like to know more about factors in Evans’s family background that helped him in his education, motivated him to join the Navy, and enabled him to overcome the prejudices in the fleet to obtain an Academy appointment. Again, these are all mentioned by Thomas but not in as thorough a manner as the rarity of the accomplishments requires.† This could possibly be one of the shortcomings of the book.Another possible subtopic could be Kuritas decision not to sacrifice thousands of lives. Had he not made this choice then the Americans would totally have been destroyed. This gives us a point to ponder about. Why did he do it?The author supports his theme/thesis firstly by making it known that these men had inner conflicts that would have deterred them from achieving their goal. This is actually where the fact of will power comes in because had it not been due to this self convincing then they would have failed in their missions by simply giving upThe other support for the theme is that without any support, Sprague's forces puta shockingly fierce fight   in which Evans   strongly featured. This shows the human body being put to the test of time and it cleverly brings out the fact about human judgment for the Sprague’s could simply have seen their enemies then decide to run for cover. But on the contrary they perceived the situation in a different perspective (Judgment) then decided to give them the Japanese a very hard battle.Moving away from the dimension of the themes purpose in the winning of the battle, we realize that again it was will power that enabled the Japanese endure fifty long hours in shark infested waters of the ocean after their ship sunk.   It took a lot of self will to choose to hold on in this situation for many a people would have simply given up.Does the author successfully support his theme? Well according to these three examples and other numerous ones in the book I think he does. He just does not implicitly express his theme but he goes right ahead and gives evidence to emphasize his theme

Beowulf An Epic Hero English Literature Essay

Beowulf An Epic Hero English Literature Essay While reading the epic poem of â€Å"Beowulf† the most important character is Beowulf which has the personality of an epic conqueror by performance of skills and bravery, durable reputation, and royal duty. In Beowulf it shows strange and nearly external ability and bravery at the assassination of Grendel, the Troll Wife, and the Dragon. Due to the brave killing of the useless creature Beowulf also becomes familiar to the idea of being fames. Beowulf as a model he must defend his people as a imperial responsibility. The poem starts with the slaughter of Grendel. In the slaughter of the unusually huge being Beowulf shows significant skills and bravery. Beowulf shows odd skill and bravery which this shows the beginning of an epic hero. Beowulf show bravery and ability by slaughter Grendel hand without a sword or a shield. The cause why Beowulf chooses to kill Grendel with no body armor to him it felt that he must not have any advantages over the monster of Grendel. By defeating Grendel without any armor Beowulf prove to the people that he really is brave and clever. Beowulf shows great skills and bravery when he supposedly defeats the Troll Wife which is the mother of Grendel. After killing all the Thanes in the Mead Hall to make a point to Beowulf say he was able to kill her with the Hrunting. After stabbing the Troll Wife and winning the battle. Once again Grendel demonstrates the personality of an epic hero. Beowulf also shows his bravery and skill while he was slaughtering the Dragon. In the killing of the Dragon, Beowulf was ready to give up his own live in order to slay the Dragon. In additional Beowulf traits shows him as an epic conqueror by taking care of his royal duty. Before the king kills himself he gave Beowulf his kingdom so he became the king when he died. Beowulf realizes his responsibility to rule and defend his kingdom, with his royal duties. Although he aged over time when he slaughter the dragon he must defend his people from it, itâ €™s is responsibility now that he is the king. In the next paragraph from Beowulf, Beowulf clarify why he have to carry out his royal duties. Hygelac offer Beowulf his family sword, as a way to repay him from the battle. The king decided to give Beowulf his land, because his sword as served him well. By means of his hands and tough sword blade, while Beowulf is delicate and aged once the Dragon came. Beowulf understands that he will repay his people by slaughter the Dragon. Beowulf believes that he was giving so much throughout his people and being able to kill the dragon was his royal duties to protect his kingdom. The slaughter of Grendel, the Troll wife, and the Dragon was including in his royal duty. Beowulf as well turns into adapting to the idea of endure reputation by taking royal obligation. Beowulf shows another trait of an epic hero during the idea of lasting reputation. The traits of enduring fame come about when Beowulf slaughters Grendel, The Troll Wife, and the Dra gon. Following the killing of Grendel and The Troll Wife Beowulf is looking upon as a hero by numerous of Thanes. When Beowulf murder Grendel, Beowulf stumble upon Heorot where he reward Beowulf with gold. While having a banquet in tribute of Beowulf, they told him to put on riches with true superior determination this will increase and do well and establish your strength. Beowulf has received the respect as a hero. Fate showed hold on life when it comes to an end. Beowulf also becomes familiar to the thought of endure reputation with the land that is given to Beowulf to rule. Beowulf receives tribute when he dies. At the ending of the heroic poem, Beowulf’s people are sad, and keep on being sad while promising that his kingdom will always remember him as an epic hero Beowulf. The entire trait mentioned early proves Beowulf as an epic hero. Beowulf shows ability and bravery, lasting fame, and caring out his royal duties; all these personality show that Beowulf is an epic hero . By slaughter Grendel, and the Dragon, Beowulf demonstrate ability and bravery to his people by demonstrate his force and survival. As a result of slaughter the Dragon even while Beowulf knows that the ending will possibly show the way to the death he shows the traits of his royal duty. The king offer Beowulf his kingdom to rule it as a result of his great reputation. All these are personality of an epic hero, which Beowulf was a great epic hero.

Aviation System Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Aviation System Safety - Assignment Example In the past we had been getting complaints of malfunctioning air conditioning unit on our Boeing 737 series. Six out of 10 air crafts have such problems much to our ignominy. Because of this problem we have lost many of our frequent flyers. Some of the Pilots have refused to fly the plane. The paucity of apt spare parts simply adds fuel to the fire. But after such a pandemic problem of mal functioning of the A.C units, I along with board members had decided to completely replace the critical components of the A.C units on all our jets. The results of our move were truly remarkable as we no longer faced any problem related to the A.C units. None of our planes after the replacement have been grounded due to inaction of the A.C. later that year we also earned ourselves a reputation of being a five star air line in terms of safety. Today we face stiff competition from all corners. Our rival airlines get the spares from Boeing earlier; our planes are late because of sloth of air traffic controller leading to delayed flights. These problems only compound to further delaying of our flights. Unfortunately we are blamed for it. All our efforts seem to go in vain. The vast majority (80%+) of incidents & accidents are caused by human error. Error is a natural condition of being human! It is a primary function of personal development. We are all error prone, even the most experienced engineers and managers including myself. Management should not be surprised when Human Error occurs! But they should be surprised if systems of work are not robust enough to contain that error.

Adoption process Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Adoption process - Research Paper Example The process is grueling and requires the completion of paper works which requires the evaluation of both the child’s and the foster parents background thus determining a common ground between the two parties. Additionally, the agreement requires the permission from the biological parents of the child who in this case must surrender all their parenting responsibilities and rights to the new parents. Adoption is a serious process that requires appropriate consideration of all the possible factors including the effects of the process on the child before inception as the essay below analyzes. The process differs from guardianship in that unlike in guardianship where one assumes the parenting rights and responsibilities for a period; in adoption, the transfer is permanent and irreversible. Guardianship occurs when a relation or a Good Samaritan offers to take care of a child for a specific duration before they either return the child to their biological parents or release them as a dults into the society (Jarratt 211). This is not the case in an adoption process since the transfer is permanent and the adopted children have specific privileges that parents accord their biological children. Such rights and privileges include the right to love, affection and fair treatment from the parents. Additionally, the children share equal inheritance rights from the adopting parents. The government safeguards such rights in the constitution thus giving adopted children an advantage in case of a contravention of any of such rights. Adoption is a contemporary necessity resulting from lifestyle relativities. Parents have varying reasons for adopting children. Among the most common reasons given by adopting parents, include the failure of such couples to have children. Such parents may therefore make the decision to adopt a child from any parent within the society willing to relinquish their biological parental rights. Despite the process being an agreement between the two par ties, the legislations safeguard the agreement by providing details that each party to ascribe to in order to maintain the subsequent conflict of interests that arise because of the complications of the process. In most cases, the government always denies certain parents their parenting rights in cases where the parents portray negligence. The state houses such children in homes and orphanages thus making the available for adoptions. Another fundamental reason that has contributed to the rise of adoption in the contemporary society is same sex marriages (Silverstein and Roszia 41). The rise of gay marriages has contributed to the increase of adoption cases since such parents cannot biologically bear children of their own. In retrospect, adoption is a personal decision that couples make on their own. In certain cases, the adopting parents always have children of their own but for reasons best known to them decide to adopt other children. The law therefore establishes the process and nature of adoption in order to protect the interests of each party involved in the adoption process. The adopted children must for example feel the parental love from their new parents and have their right and privileges protected. N case of a separation of the couples, the law explains whatever happens to the children owing to the fact that they are part of the family. The parents must provide for them despite their separations. There are two main types of adoption applicable in the modern societies. These include domestic and foreign adoptions. Domestic adoption refers to an adoption in which both the adopted child and the adopting paren

See Description Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

See Description - Research Paper Example The paper would be critically looking at the ‘Child Protection Agency’ to find how successful it has been in tackling the challenges of the time. The welfare of the children has long been considered as the sole concern of the parents and the family with little intervention from the government. In the olden times, the corporal punishment inflicted on children was taken as justified actions of the father or parents and there was huge exploitation of children in the cases of inheritance, property cases and custodian rights. In the later 19th century, the English Common Law was introduced to include the inheritance and property cases and later expanded to take into account the wider interests of the children through Custody of Infants Act. The American colonies of 18th century followed the English Laws and especially emphasized two aspects of children related policies: ‘the common law rules of family government; and the traditions and child-care practices of the Elizabethan Poor Laws of 1601’ (Thomas, p. 299). In 1875, Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children (SPCC) was founded in New York. It was dominated by the white population and targeted black families that resulted in huge number of black children separated from their family. In 1909, the White House acknowledged that ‘home life is the highest and finest product of civilization. It is the great molding force of mind and of character’(Tanenhaus, p. 550). Thus, the 20th century say dramatic shift in the outlook of children’s protection that was shifted from the family and private child protection services to government sponsored agencies with tremendous changes in the overall perspective to the children’s welfare. In 1912, Children’s Bureau was established to manage children’s welfare of the federal government. Social Security Act in 1958 made it a state subject and mandated funding of the child protection efforts

Economic approach to explain the existence of prostitution Essay

Economic approach to explain the existence of prostitution - Essay Example As a result, the opportunity cost of forsaking a wife or a girlfriend for a prostitute is that, an individual is able cut on unnecessary expenses meant to please a girlfriend. Further, an individual would save on time that is wasted while trying to please a girlfriend or wife with picnics, dinner or visiting holiday resort (Merriam-Webster, 2013). In addition, the money that is channeled to a wife or girlfriend can be used for other personal gains such as improving one’s business venture. The cost benefit of accessing the services of a prostitute is that the buyer can select from varieties, and one is not compelled to stick on one seller. In essence, the quality that the buyer gets depends on how much the buyer can pay. The business is flexible in the sense that a buyer can assess the seller’s services depending on the amount the buyer can pay. In this context, the higher the quality of the services rendered, the higher cost for the buyer and vice versa. In the business of prostitution, the buyer is not interested in establishing a relationship, but to access the services of the seller on a short term basis. This is more convenient compared to a stable relationship where the buyer (male) is compelled to provide both material and emotional support. Numerous responsibilities often arise from a relation, and as a result, the prostitution business is on high demand at the present due to the buyers avoiding responsibilities of marriage and looking for short term pleasures.... However, it is the male who often feel pinched as a result of spending exorbitantly on gifts and other pleasantries while receiving none on return (Postrel, 2006). While, on the other hand, the sellers are professionals who only engage in satisfying the desires of the buyer in a short period where both come out winners. The buyer gains in terms of pleasure provided and commensurate with the payment while, the seller gains in terms of payment for services by the buyer. Buyers are often attracted to a quick delivery of services in which no attachment are formed so as to save on unforeseen expenses in the future that, is a product of a long term relationship. As a result, in terms of cutting on the cost of maintaining a relationship, prostitution offers an alternative for buyers to budget for pleasure rather than an impulsive spending influenced by relationship bonds (Postrel, 2006). On the other hand, the seller in this business often the women engage in the business for a number of re asons. It could be that the business pays highly, or it is a cheaper means of earning a living for those who engage in the business. Commercial sex as a business provides one of the easiest forms of employment in the sense that, one only need to provide a few minutes of pleasure to the buyer to earn some money (The Economist, 2013). However, the payment within the business often vary and is influenced by a number of reasons that include the nature of pleasure and risks exposed to the seller. There are sellers who earn meagre amounts from the business while others make millions from the same business. Commercial sex is competitive, and the seller needs to come up with appropriate business

The Violence Of Voice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4250 words

The Violence Of Voice - Essay Example To this day, the only thing that Marine Lance Corporal Eddie Dee Franco can remember about the man who drove past him on the morning of October 23, 1983, was like "he looked directly at me [and] smiled ...". A few seconds later, at 6:22 am, the smiling driver rammed his bright yellow, explosive truck into the Marines' headquarters in Beirut. The subsequent explosion was later identified as the most powerful non-nuclear explosion since the Second World War. 241 Americans were killed, crushed, as the whole structure collapsed to the top of sleeping Marines. They were killed by an enemy that could not be stopped. Not because he had any technological or traditional advantages over his opposition, but because he was completely committed to his destruction. He was a suicide bomber. But who was the suicide bomber? What does he/she represent, and what would force him to kill himself and so many other people? Hezbollah quickly claimed the credit for the attack, and subsequent investigations l ed the US authorities to believe that this was true. Hezbollah, considered a terrorist organization by the US State Department, is a Muslim Shiite group that often resorts to violence to advance its political goals. Founded in 1983, the organization grew out of a population enraged by Israel's invasion of its country. The Marine Corps was moved to Lebanon as part of the multinational peacekeeping force by President Regan in 1983. The goal of the peacekeepers was to help stop a huge amount of violence along the border between Lebanon and Israel.... Terrorism, as defined by Title 22 of the US Code, Section 2656f (d), is an act of "premeditated, politically motivated violence perpetrated against noncombatant targets by sub-national groups or clandestine agents, usually intended to influence an audience." This definition clearly fits things such as the attacks on the WTC and the Pentagon on September 11, 2001 and a separate 1983 suicide attack in Beirut, which targeted the US embassy. In these cases, the victims of the attacks were civilians ("noncombatants"). Because of this, the above definition does NOT fit for the Beirut bombing that is discussed in this paper, which was an unconventional attack on United States military forces, specifically the Marine Corps. Beirut 1983 To this day, the only thing Marine Lance Corporal Eddie DiFranco can recall about the man who drove a truck past him on the morning of October 23, 1983 was how "he looked right at me [and] smiled". Seconds later, at 6:22am, the smiling driver rammed his bright yellow, explosive laden vehicle into the Marine Headquarters at Beirut. The blast that followed was later determined to have been the single most powerful non-nuclear explosion since WWII. 241 Americans were killed, crushed as the entire structure collapsed on top of the still sleeping Marines. (U.S. Marines, 2005, n.p.) They were killed by an enemy who was impossible to stop. Not because he had any technological or traditional advantages over his opposition, but because he was completely committed to bringing about his own annihilation. He was a suicide bomber. But who was the suicide bomber What did he / does he represent, and what would push him to kill himself and so many other

International Banking Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Banking - Assignment Example Monetary policy A lower monetary policy increases the bank’s risk taking. When the monetary policy is low, it impacts on the loan industry’s ability to lend and give mortgage. It also impacts on the consumer and the business loan interests. These insufficient considerations to protect the losses that could be incurred through loan defaulters, just served to increase the inappropriate usage by the loan borrowers. This created a need to put into place the measures that reduced the misuse of these funds. Therefore, a well laid down strategy integrating the mode of pay and the borrower’s loan thresh hold and ability to service it had to be established (Jaffee, 2010). This measure was meant to eliminate the motivation that encouraged the borrowers to take higher risks of unplanned for huge sum borrowing. Executive compensation arrangements is an arrangement that enabled the executive to get huge cash amounts of equity based and bonus compensation before the long-term consequences of decisions are realized. This motivated the executive to only pay attention to the short-term outcomes and fail to focus on the long-term adverse effects this had on the shareholders. This therefore called for the implementation of adequate legislation that would minimize the chances of the executive undertaking activities that exposed the banks to higher and excessive levels of risk taking. There has been found to have a need to instill into the banks management a good system of eliminating these risks. Secondly, internal Investment is another strategy that was applied by most of these banks. There was a high tendency of the executives of these banks to invest heavily on the shares of the banks they headed. Consequently, this tendency made them disregard the possibility of falling into the crisis. They only perceived the upward trend of investing more and more to increase their share holding in their companies. According to Calomiris and Mason (2004), it is against t his background, that a need to regulate the executive pay was realized. This move is to ensure that the executives’ financial capacity is strongly linked to the shareholders interest. This being he case, the executive is hindered from possessing the great ability of investing highly into the organization they are heading. This ensures a reduced executive’s ambition, and consequently instills a sense of vigilance and supervision of lending activities by their banks. Bank performance Inflow of foreign currency Banks total assets in millions AGRI BANK 39866.5 47007.4 52264.0 63285.8 66143.3 AMEGY 9351.94 10359.2 11836.1 12354 11089.3 ALLIANCE 9490.5 10601.1 9368.8 8503.5 172313.0 Years 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 There was an influx of foreign currency from other continents. It is this influx of these foreign currencies that resulted to relaxation of the lending terms by the banks. This served to enable business community to invest in the housing market. Later, the value of the houses greatly declined and consequently there were greater losses incurred by those who had invested in homes. These loses in turn enhanced the high rate of defaults in loan repayments, which in to a large extent minimized the financial stability of the banks. The banks instability affected the overall performance of the economy by slowing

Critical Reasoning and Information Analysis Essay

Critical Reasoning and Information Analysis - Essay Example The more we learn about neuroscience, the more we understand that information literacy is a fundamental aspect of the human brain (Kandel & Squire 2000), and that humans are simply more naturally adapted to understanding certain things (like personal experience) than others (like numerical data). This sheds light on why we understand the world in the way we do. Like neuroscience, information technology is a growing field that is having a growing impact on the world. Firstly, it, for the first time, gives humans a different kind of intelligence to compare ours to: we can understand ourselves by seeing how different or similar computers are when serving different functions (Schellhammer 2008). Furthermore, information technologies like the internet are giving humans a broader understanding of our identity as going past small scale, tribal allegiances, because they allow for much more communication over large ranges. This communication is incredibly important, because social understandings play an important role in critical thinking. There are many cases where one’s social or cultural atmosphere have drastic impacts on the way they understand the world. Firstly, we pay a great deal more attention to those things that happen in proximity to us: which includes both personal actions, and friends. That means that problems that are common in one’s social group, for instance, will appear disproportionately larger than a more important problem that happens to people that are unrelated to you. This bias can cloud critical thinking, and must be avoided. The problem is, however, that other ways of understanding the world (such as universal laws of logic) do not function much better. This is because we are hard-wired to pay less attention to logic than emotions, as emotions played a more important role in our evolutionary history. So while universal logic might seem important at understanding things in a globalized society, it can often be ignored.

Riters explore control in The Rivals Essay Example for Free

Riters explore control in The Rivals Essay Although written centuries apart, ‘The Wife Of Bath’ and ‘The Rivals’ both effectively embody the desire for control. By presenting their respective protagonists as sly and deceptive, Sheridan and Chaucer allow their characters to dominate and manipulate both their fellow characters and the audience to their liking. Likewise, the qualities of verbal wit presented among the female protagonists by Chaucer and Sheridan allow these female characters to assert their influence, intellectually and comically. Despite the presence of male patriarchal forces restoring the domineering women to their inferior social status; the constant shift in control amongst the characters permit Sheridan and Chaucer to draw parallels with the changes in their own societies. In particular, the deception demonstrated in the texts enables certain characters to take control over traditional sources of power. With regards to ‘The Wife Of Bath’, although Medieval society condemned women to eternal servitude of their husbands; critic Marsh’s view that the Wife depends upon â€Å"Deceit as a defence against male domination† portrays her as willing to deceive her (dominant) male counterparts in return for self-control. In fact the proud and boastful tone evokes by the Wife in reference to her first three husbands, â€Å"How piteously a-nyght I made hem swynke† emphasises how her manipulative skills during sex have successfully transferred dominance over to the Wife herself , as reiterated by Chaucer’s use of the personal pronoun â€Å"I†. Similarly, Lucy’s lower class status in ‘The Rivals’ does not impede her from taking advantage of her peers, as demonstrated by her cunning tone here, â€Å"Commend me to a mask of silliness, and a pair of eyes for my own interest under it! † In fact, Sheridan, like other contemporary writers, Goldsmith and Foote, wrote ‘The Rivals’ to follow the structure of a Comedy of Manners, whereby a contemporary, sophisticated class was mocked through the medium of a play. Therefore, Lucy’s deception in refusing to disclose the identity of ‘Delia’ to Sir Lucius and accepting bribes, indeed places her in a position of control as Sheridan relies on Lucy to provide the mockery of the seemingly flawless upper classes. Overall, the deceptive skills of Lucy and the Wife provide them with the utmost control over those supposedly superior than themselves. Additionally, the verbal wit of the Wife and Mrs Malaprop allows them to convey their intellect in male-dominated spheres. Mrs Malaprop in ‘The Rivals’ undeniably becomes powerful as a result of her ‘Malapropisms’, that is, her comical verbal errors. The comedic effect of the exclamation marks and bold tone from Mrs Malaprop here, ‘An attack upon my language! Sure if I reprehend anything in this world, it is the use of my†¦nice derangement of epitaphs! ’, conveys how the power she gains over the audience and fellow characters stems from humour. Therefore, critics Loftis’ view that Mrs Malaprop’s ‘Fault arises from intellectual rather than social affectation’ refers directly to Mrs Malaprop’s impact through her language. Although ‘fault’ seems critical of Malaprop, it could also emphasize the humorous and powerful effect her verbal blunders have in the play. Meanwhile, the Wife adopts examples of textual authority to empower her arguments against those who attempt to undermine her, like the Church. Despite Medieval women not receiving an education due to their believed inferiority, the Wife calls on ‘The wise astrologien, Daun Ptholome’ to validate her controversial arguments. This unusual intelligence among Medieval women indisputably places the Wife in a position of superiority over men, notably in her Prologue. Therefore, although verbal wit is used by Mrs Malaprop and the Wife for opposite purposes, the reaction provoked by other characters and the audience enable Sheridan and Chaucer to present these women as very powerful. Despite the dominance of the female characters, Chaucer and Sheridan also convey control via male patriarchy. When recounting Jankyn’s violence, the Wife uses derogatory language to insult Jankyn, ‘O!hastow slayn me, false theef? ’. Although the Wife subsequently gains his sympathy, the notion of her being abused demonstrates how Jankyn, according to Medival custom, controls the Wife and can therefore attack her if he wishes. In fact, according to critic Ellis, through the Wife making Jankyn feel guilty about attacking her; she commits ‘An act little short of symbolic castration’ by obtaining the power a Medieval husband typically held over his wife. However, patriarchy remains dominant in ‘The Rivals’. During a quarrel with Faulkland, the pity gained by Julia from the audience here, ‘It lost you the love of one, who would have followed you in beggary through the world’, reflects how men retain total control in the play as Julia’s emotions have been repressed by Faulkland’s temper. Interestingly, in Sheridan’s era, the notion of Julia breaking off an engagement with Faulkland would have been seen as outrageous by society. In Georgian times, only men were able to dissolve such engagements instead of women; indicating how men remained totally dominant, even as far as ove was concerned. Therefore, while the Wife manages to overcome the limitations of patriarchy; Julia’s inability to control Faulkland represents how the urge to control is often unsuccessful among characters. In conclusion, via an endlessly-shifting dominance between male and female characters; Sheridan and Chaucer effectively encapsulate the complex nature of control. In particular, despite the social restrictions placed on the Wife, her ability to deceive and argue her way into control regardless of opposition represents how her desire for dominance not only ‘drives’ her life; but the progression of the text. Similarly, the dominance obtained by the lower-class Lucy and the repression of the upper-class Julia indeed embodies the comedic elements of ‘The Rivals’, yet symbolises the difficulty of becoming dominant with such gender and social limitations. For this reason, only Lucy and the Wife gain control due to their wise but cunning manipulation of the expectations imposed on them by society and their counterparts in the texts.

Wireless Lan Applications Areas Computer Science Essay

Wireless Lan Applications Areas Computer Science Essay G. Marconi invented the wireless telegraph in 1896. In 1901, he sent telegraphic signals across the Atlantic Ocean from Cornwall to St. Johns Newfoundland; a distance of 1800 miles. His invention allowed two parties to communicate by sending each other alphanumeric characters encoded in an analog signal. Over the last century, advances in wireless technologies have led to the radio, the television, the mobile telephone, and communication satellites. All types of information can now be sent to almost every corner of the world. Recently, a good attention has been focused on wireless networking. Early wireless LAN products, introduced in the late 1980s, were marketed as substitutes for traditional wired LANs. Wireless networking is allowing businesses to develop WANs, MANs, and LANs without cabling. A wireless LAN saves the cost of the installation of LAN cabling and eases the task of relocation and other modifications to network structure. The IEEE has developed 802.11 as a standard for wireless LANs. The Bluetooth industry consortium is also working to provide a seamless wireless networking technology. The impact of wireless communications has been and will continue to be profound. Very few inventions have been able to shrink the world in such a manner. The standards that define how wireless communication devices interact are quickly converging and soon will allow the creation of a global wireless network that will deliver a wide variety of services. 1.2 Over view As the name suggests, a wireless LAN is one that makes use of a wireless transmission medium. Until recently, wireless LANs were little used. The reasons for this included high prices, data rates, occupational safety concerns, and licensing requirements. As these problems have been now addressed, the popularity of wireless LANs has grown rapidly. 1.3 Wireless LAN Applications Areas: There are four application areas for wireless LANs: LAN extension, Cross- building interconnect, Nomadic access and Ad hoc networks. LAN Extension The motivation for wireless LANs was overtaken by events. First, as awareness of the need for LANs became greater, architects designed new buildings to include extensive pre wiring for data applications. Second, with advances in data transmission technology, there is an increasing reliance on twisted pair cabling for LANs and in particular, Category3 and Category 5 unshielded twisted pair. However, in some environments, there is a role for the wireless LAN as an alternative to a wired LAN. Examples include buildings with large open areas. In most of these cases, an organization will also have a wired LAN to support servers and some stationary workstations. Thus, this application area is referred to as LAN extension. There is a backbone wired LAN, such as Ethernet, that supports servers, workstations, and one or more bridges or routers to link with other networks. In addition, there is a Control Module (CM) that acts as an interface to a wireless LAN. The control module includes either bridge or router functionality to link the wireless LAN to the backbone. It includes some sort of access control logic, such as a polling or token-passing scheme, to regulate the access from the end systems. Cross- Building Interconnect Another use of wireless LAN technology is to connect LANs in nearby buildings, be they wired or wireless LANs. In this case, a point-to-point wireless link is used between two buildings. The devices so connected are typically bridges or routers. This single point-to-point link is not a LAN per se, but it is usual to include this application under the heading of wireless LAN. Nomadic Access Nomadic access provides a wireless link between a LAN hub and mobile data terminal equipped with an antenna, such as a laptop computer or notepad computer. Nomadic access is also useful in an extended environment such as a campus or a business operating out of a cluster of buildings. Ad Hoc Networking An ad hoc network is a peer-to-peer network (no centralized server) set up temporarily to meet some immediate need. For example, a group of employees, each with a laptop or palmtop computer may convene in a conference room for a business or classroom meeting. The employees link their computers in a temporary network just for the duration of the meeting. There are differences between a wireless LAN that supports LAN extension and nomadic access requirements and an ad hoc wireless LAN. In the former case, the wireless LAN forms a stationary infrastructure consisting of one or more cells with a control module for each cell. Within a cell, there may be a number of stationary end systems. Nomadic stations can move from one cell to another. In contrast, there is no infrastructure for an ad hoc network. Rather, a peer collection of stations within range of each other may dynamically configure themselves into a temporary network. Fig 1.1 Wireless LAN Configurations 1.4 Wireless LAN Requirements A wireless LAN must meet the same sort of requirements typical of any LAN, including high capacity, ability to cover short distances, full connectivity among attached stations, and broadcast capability. In addition, there are a number of requirements specific to the wireless LAN environment. The following are among the most important requirements for wireless LANs. Throughput: The medium access control protocol should make as efficient use as possible of the wireless medium to maximize capacity. Number of nodes: Wireless LANs may need to support hundreds of nodes across multiple cells. Connection to backbone LAN: In most cases, interconnection with stations on a wired backbone LAN is required. For infrastructure wireless LANs, this is easily accomplished through the use of control modules that connect to both types of LANs. There may also need to be accommodation for mobile users and ad hoc wireless networks. Service area: A typical coverage area for a wireless LAN has a diameter of 100 to 300m. Battery power consumption: Mobile workers use battery-powered workstations that need to have a long battery life when used with wireless adapters. This suggests that a MAC protocol that requires mobile nodes to monitor access points constantly or engage in frequent handshakes with a base station is inappropriate. Typical wireless LAN implementations have features to reduce power consumption while not using the network, such as a sleep mode. Transmission robustness and security: Unless properly designed, a wireless LAN may be interference prone and easily eavesdropped. The design of a wireless LAN must permit reliable transmission even in a noisy environment and should provide some level of security from eavesdropping. Collocated network operation: As Wireless LANs become more popular, it is quite likely for two or more wireless LANs to operate in the same area or in some area where interference between the LANs is possible. Such interferee may thwart the normal operation of a MAC algorithm and may allow unauthorized access to a particular LAN. License-free operation: Users would prefer to buy and operate wireless LAN products without having to secure a license for the frequency band used by the LAN. Handoff/roaming: The MAC protocol used in the wireless LAN should enable mobile stations to move from one cell to another. Dynamic configuration: The MAC addressing and network management aspects of the LAN should permit dynamic and automated addition, deletion, and relocation of end systems without disruption to other users. 1.5 The Trouble with Wireless Wireless is convenient and often less expensive to deploy than fixed services, but wireless is not perfect. There are limitations, political and technical difficulties that may ultimately prevent wireless technologies from reaching the other side with full potential. Two limiting issues are incompatible standards and device limitations. Device limitations also restrict the free flow of data. The small LCD on a mobile telephone is inadequate for displaying more than a few lines of text. In additions, most mobile wireless devices cannot access the vast majority of WWW sites on the Internet. The browsers use a special language, wireless markup language (WML), instead of the de facto standard HTML. Most likely, no one wireless device will be able to meet every need. The potential of wireless can be met but not with a single product. Wireless will succeed because it will be integrated into a variety of devices that can meet a variety of needs. 1.6 Fading in the Mobile Environment Perhaps the most challenging technical problem being faced by communication systems engineers is fading in a mobile environment. The term fading refers to the time variation of received signal power caused by changes in the transmission medium or path(s). In a fixed environment, fading is affected by changes in atmospheric conditions, such as rainfall. But in a mobile environment, where one of the two antennae is moving relative to the other, the relative location of various obstacles changes over time, creating complex transmission effects. 1.6.1 Types of Fading Fading effects in a mobile environment can be classified as either fast or slow. Referring to Fig 1.2, as the mobile unit moves down a street in an urban environment, rapid variations in signal strength occur over distances of about one-half a wavelength. The rapidly changing waveform is an example of the spatial variation of received signal amplitude. The changes of amplitude can be as much as 20 or 30 dB over a short distance. This type of rapidly changing fading phenomenon, known as fat fading, affects not only mobile devices in automobiles, but even a mobile phone user walking down an urban street. As the mobile user covers distances well in excess of a wavelength, the urban environment changes, as the user passes buildings of different heights, vacant lots, intersections, and so forth. Over these longer distances, there is a change in the average received power level about which the rapid fluctuations occur. This is referred to as slow fading. Lamp Post B D C A Fig 1.2 Mobile unit signal reflections Fading channel models are often used to model the effects of electromagnetic transmission of information over the air in cellular networks and broadcast communication. Fading channel models are also used in underwater acoustic communications to model the distortion caused by the water. Mathematically, fading is usually modeled as a time-varying random change in the amplitude and phase of the transmitted signal. 1.6.2 Slow vs. Fast Fading The terms slow and fast fading refer to the rate at which the magnitude and phase change imposed by the channel on the signal changes. The coherence time is a measure of the minimum time required for the magnitude change of the channel to become decorrelated from its previous value. Slow fading arises when the coherence time of the channel is large relative to the delay constraint of the channel. In this regime, the amplitude and phase change imposed by the channel can be considered roughly constant over the period of use. Slow fading can be caused by events such as shadowing, where a large obstruction such as a hill or large building obstructs the main signal path between the transmitter and the receiver. The amplitude change caused by shadowing is often modeled using a log-normal distribution with a standard deviation according to the Log Distance Path Loss Model. Fast Fading occurs when the coherence time of the channel is small relative to the delay constraint of the channel. In this regime, the amplitude and phase change imposed by the channel varies considerably over the period of use. In a fast-fading channel, the transmitter may take advantage of the variations in the channel conditions using time diversity to help increase robustness of the communication to a temporary deep fade. Although a deep fade may temporarily erase some of the information transmitted, use of an error-correcting code coupled with successfully transmitted bits during other time instances (interleaving) can allow for the erased bits to be recovered. In a slow-fading channel, it is not possible to use time diversity because the transmitter sees only a single realization of the channel within its delay constraint. A deep fade therefore lasts the entire duration of transmission and cannot be mitigated using coding. Flat vs. Frequency-selective Fading As the carrier frequency of a signal is varied, the magnitude of the change in amplitude will vary. The coherence bandwidth measures the minimum separation in frequency after which two signals will experience uncorrelated fading. In flat fading, the coherence bandwidth of the channel is larger than the bandwidth of the signal. Therefore, all frequency components of the signal will experience the same magnitude of fading. In frequency-selective fading, the coherence bandwidth of the channel is smaller than the bandwidth of the signal. Different frequency components of the signal therefore experience decorrelated fading. In a frequency-selective fading channel, since different frequency components of the signal are affected independently, it is highly unlikely that all parts of the signal will be simultaneously affected by a deep fade. Certain modulation schemes such as OFDM and CDMA are well-suited to employ frequency diversity to provide robustness to fading. OFDM divides the wideband signal into many slowly modulated narrowband subcarriers, each exposed to flat fading rather than frequency selective fading. This can be combated by means of error coding, simple equalization or adaptive bit loading. Inter-symbol interference is avoided by introducing a guard interval between the symbols. CDMA uses the Rake receiver to deal with each echo separately. Frequency-selective fading channels are also dispersive, in that the signal energy associated with each symbol is spread out in time. This causes transmitted symbols that are adjacent in time to interfere with each other. Equalizers are often deployed in such channels to compensate for the effects of the inter symbol interference. Fading effects can also be classified as flat or selective. Flat fading, or nonselective fading, is that type of fading in which all frequency components of the received signal fluctuate in the same proportions simultaneously. Selective fading affects unequally the different spectral components of a radio signal. The term selective fading is usually significant only relative to the bandwidth of the overall communications channel. If attenuation occurs over a portion of the bandwidth of the signal, the fading is considered to be selective; nonselective fading implies that the signal bandwidth of interest is narrower than, and completely covered by, the spectrum affected by the fading.

Operations management strategy of Hard Rock Cafe

Operations management strategy of Hard Rock Cafe Global competition increasing every day, while others theme restaurants have come and gone Hard Rock cafe is successfully response to complexity, risks and competition of global economy with flexibility and speed. From one London cafe in 1971, Hard Rock Cafà © (HRC) has grown to over 163 locations in 52 countries, and most of that growth has occurred in the last few years. With the mission To spread the spirit of Rock n Roll by delivering an exceptional entertainment and dining experience. We are committed to being an important, contributing member of our community and offering the Hard Rock family a fun, healthy, and nurturing work environment while ensuring our long-term success (Heizer Render, 2009).HRC enjoys a 92% name recognition world-wide, putting it in the top 10 of all restaurants. HRC has accomplished this by changing from a themed restaurant into one participating in what is now called the Experience Economy. . Lets identify how each of the 10 decisions of operations management is applied successfully and effectively at Hard Rock Cafà ©. 1. Design of goods and services: HRC is flexible and unique with their product and services design base on the local market that they enter into. Every different restaurant has unique design by combining traditional and culture of the locals with the view in mind such as when they open HRC in Ho Chi Minh, Viet Name and decorate the bar with lantern. One of the most popular mistakes of restaurant is trying to make their food be the best to be successful. But reality is quite different when Bugger King and McDonalds dont have the best food. I didnt mean that restaurant shouldnt try to make the most delicious food but in the process of making delicious food (tangible product) they should keep their eyes on providing the intangible product which is called experience and HRC sells experience. HRC is using food as medium to inspire exceptional entertainment and dining experience. As Professor C.Markides of the London Business School says, The trick is not to play the game better than the competition, but to develop and p lay an altogether different game. (Markides, 1997) 2. Managing Quality: One of the most operations strategy is quality. According Jay Heizer, quality as the totality of features and characteristics of a product or service that bears on its ability to satisfy stated or implied needs. (Heizer Render, 2009, pp. 222-225). In Hard Rocks Cafà ©, the food is the product and quality must be top the charts. Menu and quality surveys are being constantly and regularly reviewed by operations personnel. In operation management, establishing quality standard and control to meet these standards is the key to success but HR do better when providing the unique experience. Hard Rock is quite successful when using food (tangible product) as the medium to deliver exceptional entertainment and dinning experience (intangible product) and customer almost satisfy with unique visual and sound experience not duplicated anywhere. (Heizer Render, 2009, p. 83) 3. Process and capacity design: When decide the locations of their facilities, Hard Rock cafe has the process and capacity design with effective analyses the whole production process from purchasing food ingredients, to preparing the food to ensure the products in an efficient manner, cost effectiveness and labour requirements. 4. Location: According Oliver Munday, Senior Director Worldwide Cafà © Development, when considering a new location, a careful decision making process is used, as the investment for a new location is large and for example usually includes agreeing to a longer term lease on the location of 10-15 years or more because its play a role to ensure organization recovered the initial investment capital as well as minimum profit. . HRC carefully looks at several factors when considering a location. Political risk: In general, stable political of country can impact the decision of economic activities. It can be seen by the consistency of government policies that helps to ensure the interest of investor. On the other hands, a stable political situation will make people feel safety in working and increasing number of people comes to entertaining places. Currency risk due to inflation causing the economic crisis. Consequence, enterprise faces with difficult in exchange rate when earning profit cannot enough to compensate. Currency discount means pricing escalate, people live from hand to mouth. At that time, consumer will be reduced and the resulting decline in business revenues and profits, even losses. Social norms: in perspective consuming capacity of customer, there are two factors dominant: peoples income and culture, spending habits. If people have high salary, theyre willing to spend much more money for better life. On the contrary, they just spend money on what they really need. Second, due to culture life and spending habit they spend money on entertainment, leisure activities that their culture allows. But there are places where even though peoples incomes are really high but they practice in saving and spending. Brand fit: This factor is very sensitive and important that Hard Rock should consider carefully before naming trademarks and deploying their business. Customer will be outraged and boycott immediately with goods or services that offend communities ethnic or their belief. Social costs: This is cost that businesses have responsibility to contribute to society including taxes Business practices: Hard Rock interested in living standards and intellectual level where business located. 5. Lay out : Another reason helps HRC stands out the crowded restaurant is their layout. Just looking their big guitar outside, definitely it stimulates your curiosity get inside. The wall is being slapped with lots of memorabilia: guitars, drums, shirts, pants, shoes, scarves, handwritten come from music band or legendary musicians, such as Jimi Hendrix, Elvis, John Lennon HRC seems to be a live museum. 6. Human Resources: Company from small to large just only archive their operation management strategy with competent and motivate people. Many organizations have demonstrated that competitive advantage in operation can be build through a good human resource strategy. In Hard Rock Cafà ©, part of their missions is creating a friendly, funny working environment not only for employee but also for their family to make them feel not just come for work only but to enjoy the work since then they can deliver professional unique entertainment and dining experience to their guests and to ensure long term company success . Hard Rock has an employee Bill of Rights, outstanding pay, benefit and promotion that helps employee self-motivated individual, they also have policy hiring the best qualify not just best available. Human resource can be expensive, difficult to archive and hard to sustain but what weve seen in Hard Rock Cafà © with practice training and treat employee as you need individuality that not only go od for business but also definitely rock. (Heizer Render, 2009, p. 445) 7. Supply-chain management: Hard Rock has been explored new global resources to achieve maximum profitable via supply chain. Be aware the most advantages of outsourcing is cost saving and improve services level. Hard Rock has selected USCO logistics, a subsidiary of Kuehne Nagel, to take over distribution and replenishment of collectible and fashion merchandise for its cafes, hotels, and casinos in North America. (Albright, 2004) 8. Inventory, material requirements planning, and JIT Inventory is one of the most expensive assets of many companies and Hard Rock is not exclusive. With more than seventy thousand pieces of memorabilia, Hard Rock also has invested forty million dollars in one of the worlds largest collection of rock-and-roll memorabilia inventory. According Jay Heizer the objective of inventory management is to strike a balance between inventory investment and customer services and by using effectively software such as Excel OM, POM, Hard Rock has done a great of cataloguing every single item. With thousand memorabilia spread out 163 cafes world-wide in 52 countries, they know exactly what is on the wall in what cafe. Through inventory system and technology theyre quite comfortable to recall any memorabilia to refurbish it every 5 to 7 years. (Heizer Render, 2009, pp. 500-501) 9. Intermediate and short-term scheduling. In Service Sector such as restaurant and hotel, we must forecast capacity for long term, purchasing contract lending orders for intermediate term and for short term we must forecast schedule and purchase labour, food, supply. Hard Rock Cafà © is using a lot of forecasting techniques such as moving averages, weighted Moving Averages, Exponential Smoothing and Regression Analysis that helps manager to see the impact on demand of other menu items if the price of one item is changed. For example, if the price of a cheeseburger increases from $6.99 to $7.99, Hard Rock can predict the effect this will have on sales of chicken sandwiches, pork sandwiches, and salads. Managers do the same analysis on menu placement, with the center section driving higher sales volumes (Heizer Render, 2009, p. 647). 10. Maintenance Hard Rock Cafe got the goal of maintenance when they succeed to maintain the capability of the system over 52 countries and keeping a systems equipment in working order in 163 cafes around the world. To get maintenance activities more effectively Hard Rock need to implementing or improving preventive maintenance and increasing repair capabilities or speed. (Heizer Render, 2009, pp. 682-683) In light of the above,discussthe operations management challenges and opportunities forHard Rock when considering anexpansion of its business into Hanoi. Opened the first one in December 2009 in Ho Chi Minh, Hard Rock is facing with challenges and opportunities to expand the second one in Hanoi capital of Viet Nam. Lets using SWOT to analysis their strengths, weaknesses, opportunities as well as threats when coming to Hanoi 1. Strengths: With more than 40 years strong experience deploying services: hotels, cafes, restaurant spread out over 52 countries. Hard Rock absolutely brand power with high capacity, technology and network relationship. Hard Rock had experienced about VN market through the first Hard Rock in Ho Chi Minh. Hard Rock absolutely has some lessons learn from the first one about human resource, supply chain, inventory that is a challenges factor for Multi-Domestic strategy. 2. Weaknesses: Maybe need more research in emerging market as well as living habit in Hanoi. 3. Opportunities: Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam and was formed 1000 years ago, the center of politics, culture and economy of Vietnam. Hanoi is the first stop of tourists on their way to visit Ha Long Bay which is a natural wonder of the world, Tuan Chau resort, The Hai Phong port city Hard Rock will create a exchange cultural bridge between Vietnamese singer and international singer. 4. Threats: Considerations should be taken as well on regional segmentation of the market, like we usually say in the marketing and advertising industry, in Vietnam: Saigonese makes 10 bucks, borrows 1 and spends 11 while Hanoiians makes 10 bucks, spends 1 and saves the rest. Dont go rushing to Vietnam hearing the rosy stories. Take your time and breathe like a local before you make your move. Vietnam, like any other emerging market, is a long-haul market for any investor. While it is looked at as one of the 10 hottest emerging markets in the world with a very young population and a rising middle class, it is by no means providing a quick return on investmentespecially when you are offering a new product or service concept. Educating the market on the specialty coffee category. Try to understand consumer perception towards the category and match it with what you have in your pocket. You either are a pioneer and spend money to educate the market or wait until your competitors have done so and piggy back on market growth. Nevertheless, if your pocket is real deep, buy out a local business in the category and take it from there. Let me use the PEST framework for deep analysis and see other perspectives of challenges as well as opportunities to expand Hard Rock in Hanoi. PEST Analysis: Political: Government Stability: Since 1975 up till now, the political situation in Vietnam is very stable. This is a country of no violence, no terrorism, no constant protests that causing the political situation, culture and economy of the country. People feel peace in mind to work and live, play and entertainment. Therefore, many foreign do invest to Vietnam, and many tourists from all over the world visited Vietnam. Hanoi is the capital of Vietnam so that its inherited all the best characteristics. Economic: Growth, Inflation Interest Rates: In 2010, gross domestic product GDP in Hanoi increased 11% over the same period last year. Foreign investment in Hanoi reached $ 800 million, total revenue per capita GDP reached about 37 million per year (approximately $ 1,950 per year). But people who work in services, stock, handicrafts, owner of large, medium or small business have really high income. Price index increases, especially food commodities increased to 5.37%. Beverages price index rose 4.17%. Cigarette price index is up 2.25%. General food sector services have increased the price index Real Estate Market: Hanoi is a growing and expanding city so that real estate prices increasing so fast. Wherever roads and public services are built, the property prices rose faster and quite high. Although the city is planning to expand but property prices in the old city still very high and that led the fact, although Vietnam is a poor country, but property prices is more higher than other countries in the world. Tourists/business visitors: According to statistics, the number of international visitors come to Hanoi in 2010 increased 62% compared to 2009 while a domestic tourists increased by 10%. And has more than 30,000 international tourists visited the capital in 10 days Hanoi organized the celebration of 1000 years of Thang Long Hanoi Hotel: There are lots of luxury five start hotels in Hanoi such as Hilton, Sofitel Plaza, Sheraton, Sofitel Metropole, Nikko. Convention Center: Hanoi National Convention Center Vietnam was built with scale and international level, located at 57 Pham Hung Street, Tu Liem district. It was held the Economic Cooperation Forum Asia Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC) in 2006. Retail: As well as other cities of a developing country, outside the supermarket and shopping center, the old town around Hoan Kiems lake where the famous retailer of the city including most of the essential goods from individuals and families stuffs to souvenirs. Socio-cultural Population Growth/Age Profile Population of Hanoi is about more than 6 million people. Especially, urban areas, downtown area and old town such as Hoan Kiem, Ba Dinh, Dong Da, Hai Ba Ba Trung district is very crowded. In these areas, the population density is up to about 35,000 people/km2 while other areas just 2000 people/km2. Age of working capacity is about 66% of the total population. Education, Social Mobility: Hanoi now has 52 elementary school, 27 colleges and 50 universities. There is also the Academy and the Center for scientific research. Transportation: Airport: a) Age of airport: NoiBai International Airport had built in 1977 and official opened in 1978. b) Number of Passengers: In 2010, Noi Bai International Airport has average 170 flights taking off and landing daily, and has served 9.5 million passengers c) Airlines: Vietnam has three airlines Vietnam, Jetstar and Vietjet airline. And most major airlines around the world have representative offices in Hanoi . d) Direct Flights: Noi Bai Airport has direct domestic flights to other cities in VietNam such as Ho Chi Minh, Nha Trang, Hue and international flights to other cities around the world as: Moscow, Paris-Charles de Gaulle, Seoul-Incheon, Kuala Lumpur, Tokyo-Narita. e) Hubs: Currently, Noi Bai International Airport is not on transit routes the international flights. However, visitors can stop to visit the capital Hanoi in Vietnam on the way to Hongkong, Japan, Korea, China,Singapore. Rail: Hang Co railway station is the center of the country, the starting point of five railway lines throughout the province from north to south and to the northern border. From the border, Vietnam railway connect to international railway to Beijing, China, and continue to many European countries. Road: Hanoi is the traffic junction of the roads in the country. Hanoi is the starting point of the route of Highway 1A entered into southern and route into Laos and Cambodia as well as go to the north border VietNam-China. Sea / River: Hanoi is laying on both sides of Red River, an important routes to Hung Yen, Nam Dinh, Thai Binh, Viet Tri, Pha Lai. Restaurants and Nightclub: Hanoi has many Restaurants and Nightclub and mainly concentrated in urban districts such as Hoan Kiem, Hai Ba Trung, Ba Dinh and Dong Da . Sports: My Dinh Stadium which was built in 2003, located in the south of the city, accommodating 40,192 seats. Sports Congress in Southeast Asia in 2003 and football Championships Southeast Asia 2008 was held here. Entertainment: Parks: There are lots of parks as Thong Nhat, Tuoi Tre, Thu Le which attracting visitors. Lake: One of the most prominent feature in Hanoi is a lot of natural lakes i.e Hoan Kiem, Dong Da, Thien Quang. The lakes in Hanoi are also attracting lots of visitor especially Hoan Kiem turtle lake associated with history. Theaters: Most of these theaters are concentrated in two districts of the city center is the Hoan Kiem and Hai Ba Trung district. In addition, the old city where the traditional villages and many other historical sites that tourists often come to Hanoi to first priority visit i.e Quoc Tu Giam place where President Bill Clinton had visited in 2000. Technological Impact of Emerging Technologies. Impact of Internet and Reduced Communication Costs. RD Activity. Impact of Technology Transfer.. Vietnam is a developing country and all needs for life constantly increasing. Vietnam is also a place attracting many tourists from Europe, Americas.. Because of these reasons, the consideration of expanding Hard Rock Cafe in Hanoi in this period is a job should be considered. Assume Ba Dinh Square or Hoan Kiem Lake is center point, the most potential area for business location should be placed on Ba Dinh or Dong Da district or adjacent to the Hoan Kiem or Hai Ba Trung district. Similar as people in Ho Chi Minh and other cities across the country, every night, people is going toward downtown. It has created resurgence of City Centers at night Thus, Hoan Kiem and Hai Ba Trung district or near the Hoan Kiem area is absolutely a great ideal for location, but found available space here is extremely difficult. Moreover, location decision is at a 10-15 years commitment. First, lease premises from 10 15 years to ensure have enough time to recover the initial investment capital and gain a profit. Second, the premises are not in the areas that the government put into the clearance plan within 10-15 years. In the other hands, due to harsh natural conditions, Hanoi usually got flooded annually or disasters that damaged crops. Since then demand of entertainment will be cut off. The consumers will significant decrease. Also consider psychological factors of Hanoi in particular and people in northern Vietnam general. Due to undergo the hardships of constant war Due to undergo the hardships of constant war, the harsh natural conditions, people are saving as a precaution for the risks in the future, with hope to build a better life for next generations. Therefore people are considering on spending something.

Translation, Quotation and Truth :: Mathematical Mathematics Math Essays

Translation, Quotation and Truth ABSTRACT: If logical truth is truth due solely to syntactic form, then mathematics is distinct from logic, even if all mathematical truths are derivable from definitions and logical principles. This is often obscured by the plausibility of the Synonymy Substitution Principle that is implicit in the Fregean conception of analyticity: viz., that synonyms are intersubstitutable without altering sentence sense. Now, unlike logical truth, mathematical truth is not due to syntax, so synonym interchange in mathematical truths preserves sentence syntax, sense, and mathematical necessity. Mathematical necessity, therefore, differs from both logical and lexical necessity. Alonzo Church's Translation Test is supposed to evaluate alleged necessary equivalences. The basic idea is that (correct) translation is meaning preserving, so if some disparity between the alleged equivalents appears under translation, the sentences are inequivalent. The Test translations are essentially synonym substitutions. The translation sentence is to have the syntax of the original, and to differ only morphemically, by synonym subbing. Supposedly, whether the translations are inter-language or intra-language has no logical import. Either way, the underlying and seemingly unassailable principle is that synonym subbing transmits sentence sense. This Synonym Substitution Principle extends to subbing of coreferring proper names by taking their meaning to be their reference. The Test's derivation from this Principle should spark suspicions for two reasons. First, the Principle seems to entail the Test's inutility, for, presumably, any disparity appearing under translation but not appearing in the original must be a discrepancy in and of the translation. If the Principle is platitudinous, the Test should be profitless. This isn't the old Paradox of Analysis. Synonymies aren't analyses. Genuine analyses are translanguistic necessary truths knowable a priori; synonymies are contingent notational equivalences knowable only a posteriori. Unlike analysis, the assumption that translation can be informative for a competent bilingual needs justification. The Test's pet targets are peculiarly Carnapian theses: e.g., that belief attributions like Mother believes Roger is nearby are semantic equivalents of speech attributions like Mother accepts "Roger is nearby". The Test's plausibility and popularity may owe much to its confirming incredulity about independently refutable theses. We knew pre-Church that my dog Mother's believing her master is nearby doesn't entail any wagging at an English sentence. Another curiosity in the Test is that translation seems to reveal disparities not otherwise evident solely with talk about talk and thought, in the relation between direct and indirect discourse. The Test gets touted only with instantiations of alleged logical or analytical principles wherein, allegedly, a quotation embedding sentence mutually entails a quotationless sentence.

Shakespeares The Tempest as a Microcosm of Society Essay -- Shakespea

The Tempest as Microcosm of Society      Ã‚  Ã‚   The Tempest is one of Shakespeare's most universal plays and, not coincidentally, is very much concerned with human behavior and emotion. As John Wilders observes in The Lost Garden, â€Å"Prospero’s island is what the sociologists call a ‘model’ of human society. Its cast of characters allows Shakespeare to portray in microcosm nearly all the basic, fundamental social relationships: those of a ruler to his territory, a governor to his subjects, a father to his child, masters to servants, male to female, and the rational to the irrational within the human microcosm itself" ([London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1978], 127). Prospero himself is an observer of and experimenter with human behavior: he saw human nature at its worst when his brother usurped his dukedom and sent Prospero and Miranda off to almost certain death; he has tried to nurture Caliban’s human half and to teach the monster acceptable human conduct; he demonstrates a working knowledge of reverse psychology when he maneuvers his daughter into love with Ferdinand; and, finally, he examines his own behavior and emotions in relation to his enemies, relatives, and friends. Prospero and the play ask two questions: Is behavior such an Antonio's the basic nature of human beings; and, if so, can nurture improve upon nature? In modern terms, the play struggles with the ever-present debate over the impact of heredity and environment. His first observations--of Antonio's and Alonso’s treachery--were inadvertent and even unexpected; however, they prompted Prospero to shift the focus of his studies from â€Å"the liberal arts† to human behavior. Prospero has devoted himself to gaining knowledge and, as he admits to Miranda, neglected h... ...â€Å"the Ariel and the Caliban of which his own—and our—nature consists† (Wilders, New Prefaces to Shakespeare, 273); he has found the answer to the dilemma of nature vs. nurture in his own psyche, and with this knowledge he returns to the human society of Milan a more balanced, more complete human being than when he left it.    Works Cited and Consulted Hirst, David L. The Tempest: Text and Performance London: Macmillan Publishers Ltd., 1984. Rowman and Littlefield: Manchester University Press, 1980. Shakespeare, William   Measure for Measure 3.1.148 The Riverside Shakespeare, ed. G. Blakemore Evans Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1974. Callaghan, Dympna William Shakespeare Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1986. Wilders, John The Lost Garden London: Macmillan Press Ltd., 1978. Wilders, New Prefaces to Shakespeare Oxford: Basil Blackwell, 1988.

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Public/ Private Parents these days try to find the best school for their child’s needs. Some parents can’t choose between public and public schools, because of their differences. Public and private schools have a lot of difference like cost, admissions, teachers, students, and special needs. Public schools don’t have tuition as all people know. State, Federal, and local taxes fund public schools. So when you pay taxes, you are paying for child’s education. Also you are paying for the other kids in your community. Unlike public schools, private schools have tuition. The National Association of Independent Schools says that the median tuition in the United States is $12,000 for first to third, $13,000 for grades sixth to eighth, and $15,000 for grades nine to twelve. For boarding schools it’s like another $8,000 for each group (Education World). Another difference is the admission. Public schools admit all children. This includes students with special needs. You can enroll your child in public schools by just filling out the necessary paperwork. Some private schools on the other hand are selective. Private schools are not forced to accept every child. In many schools admission is very cutthroat. The teachers are another difference in public and private schools. The teachers in public schools are usually state certified. That just means that the teacher has gone through training required by the state. In private schools teachers may not be required to have to train. Instead they have subject area expertise and an undergraduate or graduate degree in the subject they teach. Also teachers in private schools often report better working condctions. The students in public schools are usually the kids from the neighboring community. Also public schools usually have more racially and ethnically diverse populations. On the other hand a process determines students that go to private schools. All students must apply and be accepted in order to attend. Some people may say that this can create a fairly homogenous student body. Another difference is the special needs. Public schools by law must educate all children. They also have to provide the necessary programs to meet the child’s special needs. Public schools have teachers who are trained to work with students who have specific needs, because of this law. However, private schools don’t have to accept kids with specific needs. As a result most private schools do not have special education programs. Also in private schools extra resources to help children with special needs may come at an additional cost (Greatschools).

“Beguiling Lure “ by Isaac Talley Essay

In this essay I will attempt to analyze the artwork named â€Å"Beguiling Lure â€Å" by Isaac Talley , 2009. The medium of this artwork is acrylic and oil on canvas. The composition is simple with the main focus being a dangling object and a portrait of a single bird. The multi coloring of the background is bright and soft with dark and light hues. The artist was able to deliver the paint onto the canvas in different directions and angles which gives the appearance of overlapping colors,roughness and an uneven texture. There is a small horizontal space that has been left blank and untouched in the middle of the canvas that provides a dividing line separating the upper portion of the painting from the lower portion. Even though there is no similarities in the main two subjects in the painting the artist brings balance, proportion and unity to his work by using the same background colors and patterns from top to bottom. The eye is automatically drawn towards two specific areas on the canvas and directly to the middle upper portion of the painting where a circular white object is attached to a dark blue string of yarn that hangs from a peg at the top of the canvas. In the bottom right corner a is a painting of a black bird standing with its back to the viewer as it looks towards the hanging object. I think the painting is a form of expression in which the intention is to give the viewer an increased awareness of how we have become a materialistic society. Because of our increased desire for the better things in life it is easier to allow ourselves to become distracted and lose sight of what is truly important in life. As a society we want to strive to be better in everything we do. In the past our american culture has taught us right from wrong, to love God and country and to stand true to our families. The importance of those morals and values seem to have disappeared.The black bird or raven can be a positive symbol of mankind’s desire to be moral and spiritually correct and the white dangling object or the â€Å"lure† an example of the opposite, a representation of those material things of the world that distracts us and has the power if we allow it to strip away our true identity and personally values and change our perceptions on life.

Of Mice And Men coursework (Theme Of Loneliness And Friendship) Essay

Consider the theme of loneliness in ‘Of Mice and Men’. How does it affect the friendships and relationships in the novel? This novel was written by John Steinbeck which was set in the 1930s in Salinas Soledad which is in California. The novel consists of many historical factors which have affected the characters in this novel and one of them includes, â€Å"The great depression† Which leads the novels inspiration for the famous writer John Steinbeck which he mainly based on his own experience. In those days people travelled a lot differently to how we travel now. In those days migrant workers travelled extravagant distances looking for a job. There are many different themes in which are based throughout the whole book, such as loneliness, happiness, nature, dreams and reality: – Which even lead to catastrophe. Many of the people in this novel have very lonely lives mainly because they are migrant workers and as we know they don’t have time to make an y friends or have any time to spend with their families. There are many characters that are lonely due to age, sex, and race. Two good examples would be Candy because of his age and Crooks because of his race. This novel consists of two main characters George and Lennie, who are an anomalous pair of migrant workers that look after each other. They are completely the reverse of each other. George is the one who has the communicative face and thinks of all of their problems and ideas and tells the other one what to do. Being like this all of the time, in what ever the story it is, always pictures that you would be the small quick one with sharp features. Lennie is the guy that is tall and always does what he is told and has an ill-defined, solid, and powerful body and does not know his own strength. Steinbeck describes him as the one with no shape in his face and his body. Lennie drags his feet when he walks and acts like an animal. In the descriptions of these two men their appearance is completely different. George dresses neat and tidy, while Lennie dresses very scruffy. Just by the description of George and Lennie, you can clearly see that Lennie is the child out of the two men, as you can tell how he talks and acts around George and throughout the whole book. Being a man Lennie lacks a lot of language, which I think that he never attended a lot of school. Examples â€Å"look George, look what I done!† this is immature language. This kind of behaviour makes George the father type figure, so he would be the defender. John Steinbeck relates to Lennie, in the theme of nature, by describing his walk, and some of the things he does in relation to the animals like the way he drinks from the lake as Steinbeck describes him as a horse that puts its whole head into the water and slurps. This links in to the theme of natures, because of the use of animal descriptions that Steinbeck uses throughout the book, which is very important to this novel because in the beginning of the book, Nature was introduced straight away. Steinbeck’s describes the surroundings in such detail, that he uses a whole page to describe the forest (which is in the beginning of the book) which gives the readers a good imaginative view of what Steinbeck is writing. George and Lennie have an abnormal relationship. They are two friends, one needs the other more .George often gets very frustrated towards Lennie, which also shows that George cares. George loves Lennie very much and will always be a friend to him and so does Lennie. Lennie could not live without him because George does everything for him. Between George and Lennie, George is the one that is mainly in control, he cooks, finds them jobs finds them a place to sleep and because of this, they always travel together, where one goes, the other one follows like a duck and her ducklings. George travels with Lennie because Lennie would not be able to survive on his own. These two men share the same dreams but George knows in reality, it is not going to happen. Later on in the story Candy has now been introduced to the book as the old swapper. He is tall, stooped shoulders and has white whiskers. When you first see him, he is very friendly, although he is a little weary of newcomers. His only friend is his dog that he has had since he was a little boy which symbolises that he is very lonely which refers to the theme of loneliness. When he gets to know people, he begins to trust them; he opens up and strikes a conversation with his new friends just as he did with Lennie. A little further on in the story as they become very close together and even share each others dream. In the future he looses both his dog and Lennie and can’t really prevent Lennie’s death but tries to prevent his dog’s death, but this fails. This shatters Candy’s dreams because he cannot share his dream with his long companion. In Chapter 4, Crooks is introduced. He is the only coloured (black) person on the ranch and this is where the theme of loneliness comes into play. Crooks is a stable buck. He has a crooked spine, and his eyes lay deep in his head, he is lined with deep black wrinkles and has thin tightened lips. Again relating to the theme of loneliness, Crooks lives by himself in a shed because he is the only Black man, this is why he can afford to leave all of his belongings lying around. He has got his own collection of items like books, shoes and his own copy for the California civil code which indicates that he knows his rights and does not want to be taken advantage of. Eventually Crooks and Lennie are talking about if Lennie could live without George and about crook’s childhood explaining why his father never let him play with other kids and why he is so lonely. When he is speaking with Lennie about his childhood, he is speaking like it is still happening or it has recently happened. This is a very similar story to his life at that present time. Being the only coloured man, Crooks is treated as an outcast, as racism was very high in those days which forces him to spend his time reading while the others are playing card games. Crooks become very bitter due to the fact that everyone ill treats him which makes him feel hurt. In the next chapter Curley is introduced to the story. He is the boss’s son, he has a wife, she has dark hair that reaches down to her shoulders, her eyes are quiet close together and has pink small lips with very pale skin. The book does not mention anything about her name which suggests that she does not know who her parents are and does not have an identity. She behaves like she is not Curley’s wife and that she is single so she flirts with a lot of the men behind Curly’s back. She would say things like â€Å"now that we’re alone what do you want to do†. To try and tempt the man. In doing this, all the men try as hard as they can to stay away from her because they know that she is trouble and know how Curley feels about his wife. Curley’s wife does this because she wants attention, again, related to the theme of loneliness. All the farmers speak really bad of her because of her being flirtatious they also are frightened to talk to her because they fear Curley, and he would think that something is going on; plus he has the authority to get them fired or to shoot them. She married Curly to get some sort of status and to have an identity but she never liked him anyway. When she describes her life on the ranch, she says that her life is boring, that no one pays any attention to her and that she gets treated like a little girl. Curley’s wife often dreams about herself becoming an actress. At the end of the novel, her loneliness causes Lennie’s death. Before Lennie’s death, Curley’s wife and Lennie were talking in the barn whilst everyone else was playing games. They began talking to each other about each others dreams. They both talked about each others dreams and what they wanted to do in their life. Lennie has a fascination of stroking things. He was stroking Curley’s wife’s hair, he began to stroke her hair so hard, that he lost control and broke her neck. This has a big impact on George, Lennie and Candy’s relationship, as Curley wants to kill Lennie. As a result to this, George has to kill Lennie before he gets killed by Curly. Loneliness will always end in tragedy and dreams will rarely become reality. True Friendship never ends.

Mang Inasal

Pre-Mang Inasal At age 10, Sia already helps out in the family business, stacking merchandise, taking inventories or manning the counter after school. It was with the family business that Sia developed the sixth sense for business. By age 20, he was already running multiple businesses which include a photo developing store (Injap Color Express), a 58-room three star hotel (Four Season Hotel), and a laundry shop (Mister Labada). Founding of Mang Inasal The start When a 250-meter slot in Robinson’s mall in Iloilo, was presented to Sia, he immediately reserved it despite not knowing what to put up yet.With P2. 4 million of borrowed money, Sia decided on inasal as the most viable dish after analyzing the different culinary specialty of the 16 regions. It was a unique entry to the saturated chicken business. Hence, in December 12, 2003, he opened the first store of Mang Inasal. Sia positioned Mang Inasal as an alternative quick service restaurant that serves charcoal-grilled chicke n, wrapped its rice in banana leaf and uses bamboo sticks for its skewers. He also offered unlimited rice, becoming the first quick-service restaurant to do so.At the beginning, Sia had to work long hours and helped in the cleaning of the store. After which, he would prepare and marinate the chicken for the next day. Sia also had no system for running the operation and no commissary to supply the raw materials. Not long, Sia’s Mang Inasal became a critical success in Visayas. Within a year, Sia opened another branch in Roxas City. In the second year of operations, he opened six more and in the third year, another 20. Success and expansion Sia had a lot of franchise inquiries but he held off until 2005.He joined the Philippine Franchise Association. Not long after, he brought the Mang Inasal to [[Luzon]. He also developed several monitoring procedures to safeguard quality and cleanliness. He also established a research and development team for product development. He also impl emented advanced online supply ordering system for his branches. To date, there are 306 branches nationwide. Aside from Mang Inasal, Sia also revived the Deco in 2007 after he partnered with the owner’s children.Deco is considered the original batchoy, started by a young butcher name Deco Guillergan Sr. in 1938. Acquisition of Jollibee Sia had plans of going public in 2010 but in October, publicly-listed company Jollibee Food Corporation announced it has acquired 70% of Mang Inasal Philippines, Inc. for P3 billion. Of which, Jollibee paid P200 million to the parent firm Injap Investments, Inc. , which still held the remaining 30%. In December, Jollibee paid the 90% balance while the remaining 10% will be paid over three years.Mang Inasal’s total branch of 303 will contribute 5% to Jollibee’s worldwide system sales, five percent to its revenue and seven percent to its operating income. Sia and Ferdinand Sia will sit as part of the Board of Directors of Jollibee. Awards Sia was the Small Business Entrepreneur winner handed out by Ernst and Young in 2010. He also received the Urban Leadership Award from the Canadian Urban Institute because of his outstanding contributions to the enhancement of the public realm and the quality of life in the Metro Iloilo-Guimaras area.

Indian Independence Movement and Modern India Essay

I am Chandini C Kurup of class IX B standing here to speak to you on this auspicious occasion of Republic Day As we are celebrating the 64th Republic Day of India, we students have some responsibilities to shoulder, and some duties to plunge ourselves. The contribution of students in the struggle for Indian independence and thereafter in the making of modern India can never be negated. From the prehistoric times to the recent years, students in India have played a significant role in shaping the history, culture and demographics of our beloved motherland. Students are not moved by greed, nor touched by the fanaticism and bigotry between brothers and sisters, in religion or otherwise, nor engulfed by the violence that seems to be a standing libel on the world all around. We students are the most pure, the most energetic. And it is the time for us once more to take the oaths and help the nation march forward. Let us take an oath to explore our country in its history, geography, culture and literature as much as we can. It is a pity that we can name several novelists, artists and musicians of England, France, Germany, Russia and many more foreign countries without much thoughts, but need to reach our notebooks and laptops to name even a few of them from our neighboring states. Let us take an oath to understand the immense power of the Indian culture and tradition that have always been the unity in our rich diversity. India was never a nation before the British rule. Our country was forever decided in numerous political pockets, in fact the very concept of a nation is purely Western, yet the concept of a country united through her culture was always there. Only that culture has been the lifeline of India, despite the number of invasions and aggressions on our motherland. If we forget that culture altogether and rush with closed eyes to imitate the West, the end is near. Let us take an oath to do our duties for the country and the environment. If we do all our rough works in the electronic media, we would save lot of papers and trees to make a difference. We can choose not to accept plastic carry bags and request our friends and relatives to follow us. Once in a week, we can offer free tuition to our needy brothers and sisters. Lots of medicines, old books, and old clothes go waste every year; we can donate them to these organizations as well. Our years old shirts that we hate to put on now will bring smiles to many of our friends in need. Morality is the basis and we must not forget that too. We don’t need to be religious and in fact the maker of modern India, Swami Vivekananda, used to hate the manifold rites and customs that make the gap between religions and the common man. But we need to have faith – faith on God, on the essential goodness of man, on the strength and future of our country, and last but not the least, in ourselves. Our nation is made of none but us, and if we can enlighten ourselves we can enlighten the whole nation. We are the future of India, and the way we make ourselves ready for it will decide the fate of the country in the years to come. All good deeds and attempts are mocked by a class of people we must not be afraid nor ashamed of them. All good deeds are achieved through hardships, and we must toil. But all good deeds bring forth a joy to the core of our heart that none can snatch away, and to our last days of lives, that pleasure is going to be our precious possession for sure. Let us respect our country, our nation, our brave soldiers, our Constitution, our national anthem, and our national flag. As we will follow our ways back to home after this ceremony, we might see paper made tricolor flags torn down from ropes and poles and lying on the street dust like garbage; let us spend a few minutes on our way, today at least, to stop and pick them for a better and respectful disposal. The road ahead is a long one, where we have miles to go. With determination and unity we can move forward. On this special occasion, I urge all of you to show the unity and strength and develop the nation where citizens live with peace and mutual understanding.